$\beta$PUpxPUvx

Tree for pre-VP parenthetical PP, anchored by commas or dashes -

(462)0(462

(463)

John , in a fit of anger , broke the vase  (463)0(463

(464)

Mary , just within the last year , has totalled two cars 

These are clearly not NP modifiers. Figures 23.4 and 23.5 show this tree alone and as part of the parse for ((463)).

  

Figure: The $\beta$PUpxPUvx tree, anchored by commas

  

Figure: Tree illustrating the use of $\beta$PUpxPUvx