PU

This is the elementary tree for substitution of punctuation marks. This tree is used in the quoted speech trees, where including the punctuation mark as an anchor along with the verb of saying would require a new entry for every tree selecting the relevant tree families. It is also used in the tree for parenthetical adverbs (puARBpuvx), and for S-adjoined PPs and adverbs (spuARB and spuPnx).