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published in 2006
N. Pelechano and N. Badler. "Modeling crowd communication and trained leaders during maze-like building evacuation." To appear, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2006.
J. Allbeck and N. Badler. "Automated Analysis of Human Factors Requirements" Proc. SAE International Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering, Lyon, France, 2006.
Y. Zhang and N. Badler. "Synthesis of 3D faces using region-based morphing under intuitive control." Proc. Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA); Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (CAVW) Journal , 2006.
N. Badler, J. Allbeck, A. Megahed, M. Whitmore. RIVET: Rapid Interactive Visualization for Extensible Training . Habitation 2006. Orlando, FL. Feb. 5-8, 2006.
published in 2005
N. Pelechano, K. O'Brien, B. Silverman, N. Badler. Crowd Simulation Incorporating Agent Psychological Models, Roles and Communication. First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation (V-CROWDS '05) Lausanne (Switzerland) 24-25 November 2005.
E. Gu, C. Stocker, N. I. Badler. Do You See What Eyes See? Implementing Inattentional Blindness. To appear in IVA(Intelligent Virtual Agent), Greece, Sept. 2005.
E. Gu, J. Wang, N. Badler. Generating Sequence of Eye Fixations Using Decision-theoretic Attention Model. In: Proc. International Workship on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision (WAPCV), in conjuction with CVPR, San Diego, Jun 2005.
L. Zhao, Y. Liu, N.I. Badler. "Applying Empirical Data on Upper Torso Movement to Real-time Collision-free Reach Tasks." Proc.of SAE International Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering, 2005.
N.I. Badler, J. Allbeck, S.J. Lee, R.J. Rabbitz, T.T. Broderick, and K.M. Mulkern. "New Behavioral Paradigms for Virtual Human Models." Proc. of SAE International Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering, 2005.
L. Zhao and N. Badler. "Acquiring and validating motion qualities from live limb gestures." Graphical Models 67(1), 2005, pp. 1-16.
published in 2004
J. Allbeck and N. Badler. Creating Embodied Agents with Cultural
Context. In R. Trappl and S. Payr (Eds.), Agent Culture: Designing
virtual characters for a multi-cultural world. New York: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 2004.
published in 2003
J. Allbeck and N. Badler. Representing and Parameterizing Agent
Behaviors. In "Life-like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions
and Applications." Helmut Prendinger and Mitsuru Ishizuka,
Ed. Springer, Germany, 2003.
Y. Liu and N. I. Badler, "Real-Time
Reach Planning for Animated Characters Using Hardware Acceleration",
Computer Animation and Social Agents, IEEE Computer Society,
New Brunswick, NJ, May 2003, pp. 86-93.
K. Ashida and N. Badler, "Feature
preserving manifold mesh from an octree." Solid Modeling
and Applications 2003, pp. 292-297.
A. Bloomfield, Y. Deng, P. Rondot, J. Wampler, D. Harth, M.
McManus, N. Badler. "A Taxonomy and Comparison of Haptic
Actions for Disassembly Tasks." IEEE Virtual Reality Conf.,
LA, CA, March 2003, pp. 225-231.
published in 2002
N. Badler, C. Erignac, and Y. Liu. "Virtual humans for validating
maintenance procedures, Comm. of the ACM, Vol. 45, Issue
7, Pg. 56-63, July 2002.
M. Byun and N. Badler. "FacEMOTE: Qualitative parametric modifiers
for facial animations," Symposium on Computer Animation, San
Antonio, TX, July 2002.
J. Gratch, J. Rickel, E. Andre, N. Badler, J. Cassell, and
E. Petajan. "Creating interactive
virtual humans: Some assembly required," to appear, IEEE
Intelligent Systems, 2002/3.
S. Lee, J. Badler, and N. Badler. "Eyes alive," to appear, ACM
Transactions on Graphics - Special Issue, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH
2002.
J. Allbeck, K. Kipper, C. Adams, W. Schuler, E. Zoubanova,
N. Badler, M. Palmer, and A. Joshi. "ACUMEN: Amplifying Control
and Understanding of Multiple ENtities,"
to appear, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, July 2002,
Bologna, Italy.
N. Badler, J. Allbeck, L. Zhao, and M. Byun. "Representing and parameterizing
agent behaviors," Proc. Computer Animation, IEEE Computer
Society, 2002, Geneva, Switzerland.
H. Shin, J. Allbeck, D. Elliott, and N. Badler. "Modeling deformable
human arm for constrained reach analysis," Proc. Digital Human
Modeling Conference, Munich, Germany, June 18-20, 2002, VDI
Berichte 1675, pp. 217-228, VDI-Gesellschaft Fahrzeugund Verkehrstechnik
- Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag and SAE-International.
J. Allbeck and N, Badler. "Embodied Autonomous Agents," in
Handbook
of Virtual Environments, K. Stanney, ed., Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 2002, pp. 313-332.
Barry G. Silverman. "Constructing
Virtual Asymmetric Opponents from Data and Models in the Literature:
Case of Crowd Rioting," 11th Conf. On Computer Generated
Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, May, 2002.
Barry G. Silverman. "Impact of Noise
and Music on Crowd Behavior," 11th Conf. On Computer Generated
Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, May, 2002.
E. Aaron, H. Sun, F. Ivancic, and D. Metaxas. "A Hybrid Dynamical
Systems Approach to Intelligent Low-Level Navigation," Proceedings
of Computer Animation, 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19-21,
2002.
published in 2001
N. Badler and J. Allbeck. "Towards
behavioral consistency in animated agents,"
Deformable Avatars, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann, eds.,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pp. 191-205.
K. Ashida, S.-J. Lee, J. Allbeck, H. Sun, N. Badler, and D.
Metaxas. "Pedestrians: Creating
agent behaviors through statistical analysis of observation
data," Proc. Computer Animation 2001.
L. Zhao, S. Lu, D. Metaxas, and N. Badler. "Structures and
styles: Motion acquisition from video," Third International
Workshop on Intellgent Virtual Agents, Madrid, Spain, September
2001.
S. Chopra-Khullar and N. Badler. "Where to look? Automating
attending behaviors of virtual human characters," Autonomous
Agents and Multi-agent Systems 4(1/2), 2001, pp. 9-23.
J. Allbeck and N. Badler. "Consistent
communication with control," Workshop on Non-Verbal and
Verbal Communicative Acts to Achieve Contextual Embodied Agents,
Autonomous Agents 2001.
N. Badler. "Virtual
Beings," Communications of the ACM, March 2001.
Barry G. Silverman. "Toward a Human
Behavior Modeling Anthology for Developing Synthetic Agents,"
10th Conf. On Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation,
SISO, May, 2001.
Barry G. Silverman. "Modeling and
Simulating Terrorist Decisionmaking: A Performance Moderator
Function Approach to Generating Virtual Opponents," 10th
Conf. On Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation,
SISO, May, 2001.
Barry G. Silverman. "How Emotion
and Personality Effect the Utility of Alternative Decisions:
A Terrorist Target Selection Case Study," 10th Conf. On
Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO,
May, 2001.\
Barry G. Silverman. "More Realistic
Human Behavior Models for Agents in Virtual Worlds: Emotion,
Stress, and Value Ontologies," Technical Report, 2001.
Barry G. Silverman. "Human Behavior Models for Game-Theoretic Agents: Case
of Crowd Tipping," to appear, CogSci Quarterly, Fall
2002.
Harold Sun and Dimitris Metaxas. "Automating
Gait Generation," SIGGRAPH 2001 Conference Proceedings,
Los Angeles, CA, August 12-17, 2001.
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "A
Deformable Finite Element Model of the Breast for Predicting
Mechanical Deformations under External Perturbations",
Journal of Academic Radiology, October 2001.
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "Methods
for Modeling and Predicting Mechanical Deformations of the Breast
under External Perturbations", 4th International Conference
on Medical Image Computing & Computer Assisted Intervention
(MICCAI'01), The Netherlands, 2001.
published
in 2000
D. Tolani, A. Goswami, and N. Badler. "Real-time
inverse kinematics techniques for anthropomorphic limbs,"
Graphical Models 62(5), Sept. 2000, pp. 353-388.
Liwei Zhao, Karin Kipper, William Schuler, Norm Badler. "A Machine Translation System
from English to American Sign Language," Conference AMTA-2000:
Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future, Mexico,
2000.
Diane Chi, Monica Costa, Liwei Zhao, and Norm Badler. "The EMOTE Model for Effort and Shape,"
SIGGRAPH 2000, Computer Graphics Annual Conference New Orleans,
Louisiana, 23-28 July, 2000, pp. 173-182.
Norm Badler, Monica Costa, Liwei Zhao, and Diane Chi. "To Gesture or Not to Gesture:
What is the Question?," Computer Graphics International
(CGI) 2000, Computer Graphics Society and British Computer Society,
Switzerland, June 19-23, 2000, pp. 3-9.
J. Shi, N. Badler, and M. Greenwald. "Joining a real-time simulation:
parallel finite-state machines and hierarchical action level
methods for mitigating lag time," Proc. 9th Conference on
Computer Generated Forces, Orlando, FL, May, 2000.
Tsukasa Noma, Liwei Zhao, and Norm Badler. "Design of a Virtual Human
Presenter," IEEE Journal of Computer Graphics and Applications,
20(4), July/August, 2000, pp. 79-85.
Rama Bindiganavale, William Schuler, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman
I. Badler, Aravind K. Joshi, and Martha Palmer. "Dynamically Altering Agent Behaviors Using Natural Language
Instructions," Autonomous Agents, June 2000, pp.
293-300.
N. Badler. "Animation 2000++,"
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20(1), Jan.-Feb.
2000, pp. 28-29.
D. Metaxas, D. Newman, and N. Badler. "Noninvasive video motion
capture," Proc. 13th IAA Humans in Space Symposium, Santorini,
Greece, May 20-26, 2000.
Liwei Zhao, Monica Costa, and Norm Badler. "Interpreting
Movement Manner," Computer Animation 2000 Conference, IEEE
Computer Graphics Society, Philadelphia, May 3-5, 2000, Pages
112-120.
Y. Xu and N. Badler. "Algorithms for generating motion trajectories
described by prepositions," Proc. Computer Animation 2000 Conference,
IEEE Computer Society, Philadelphia, May 3-5, 2000, pp. 33-39.
N. Badler, R. Bindiganavale, J. Allbeck, W. Schuler, L. Zhao,
M. Palmer. "Parameterized Action Representation for virtual
human agents," In Embodied
Conversational Agents, J. Cassell (ed.), MIT Press, 2000,
pp. 256-284.
Karin Kipper and Martha Palmer. "Representation
of Actions as an Interlingual," Workshop on Applied Interlinguas:
Practical Applications of Interlingual Approaches to NLP, in
conjunction with ANLP-NAACL 2000. Seattle, Washington, April
2000.
Norman I. Badler, Rama Bindiganavale, Jan Allbeck, William
Schuler, Liwei Zhao, Seung-Joo Lee, Hogeun Shin, and Martha
Palmer. "Parameterized Action Representation and Natural Language
Instructions for Dynamic Behavior Modification of Embodied Agents,"
AAAI Spring Symposium 2000.
Norm Badler, Liwei Zhao, Monica Costa, Christian Vogler, and
William Schuler. "Modifying Movement Manner Using Adverbs,"
Fourth International Workshop on Autonomous
Agents: Communicative Agents in Intelligent Virtual Environments,
Barcelona, Spain, June 3-7, 2000.
Liwei Zhao and Norm Badler. "Gesticulation Behaviors for Virtual
Humans," The 6th Pacific Conference
on Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE Computer Graphics
Society, Singapore, October, 1998, pp. 161-168.
Charles Erignac. "Interactive Semi-Qualitative
Simulation," In Proceedings of The Fourteenth International
Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Morelia, Mexico, June 2000.
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "A Finite Element Model of the Breast
for Predicting Mechanical Deformations during Biopsy Procedures,"
IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in biomedical Image Analysis
(South Carolina, June 2000).
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Reid T. Miller, Mitchell
D. Schnall. "Methods for Predicting Mechanical
Deformations in the Breast during Clinical Breast Biopsy," 26th
IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (U. of Connecticut,
2000).
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "A Deformable Finite Element Model
of the Breast to Register MR Images of the Same Breast under
Different Plate Compressions," World Congress on Medical
Physics and Biomedical Engineering (Chicago, July 2000).
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "A 3D Deformable Model of the Breast
for Predicting Mechanical Deformations under Plate Compression
during Interventional Procedures," Biomedical Engineering
Society Annual Meeting (Seattle, 2000).
Christian Vogler, Harold Sun and Dimitris Metaxas. "A Framework for Motion Recognition with Applications
to American Sign Language and Gait Recognition," Proceedings
of the Workshop on Human Motion, Austin, TX, December 7-8, 2000.
Harold Sun and Dimitris Metaxas. "Animation
of Human Locomotion Using Sagittal Elevation Angles," Proceedings
of Pacific Graphics 2000, Hong Kong, October 3-5, 2000.
 published
in 1999
Charles Erignac. "Semi-Qualitative Simulation in Virtual Environments,"
in Proceedings of The Thirteenth International Workshop on
Qualitative Reasoning, Loch Awe, Scotland, June
1999.
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall. "A Finite Element Model of the Breast
for Predicting Mechanical Deformations during Interventional
Procedures," Seventh Scientific Meeting of the International
Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine (Philadelphia,
1999).
Norman I. Badler, Martha S. Palmer and Rama Bindiganavale.
"Animation
Control for Real-Time Virtual Humans," Communications
of the ACM, 42(8), August 1999, pp. 64-73.
Norman I. Badler, Rama Bindiganavale, Juliet Bourne, Jan Allbeck,
Jianping Shi and
Martha Palmer. "Real Time Virtual Humans,"
Proceedings of International Conference on Digital Media Futures
British Computer Society, Bradford, UK, April, 1999.
N. Badler, D. Chi, and S. Chopra. "Virtual human animation
based on movement observation and cognitive behavior models,"
Computer Animation Conf., Geneva, Switzerland, May 1999.
G. Huang, S. Huh, A. Goswami, D. Metaxas and N. Badler. "Dynamic Simulation for Zero-Gravity Activities,"
International Space Human Factors Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, June
1999.
S. Chopra-Khullar and N. Badler. "Where
to look? Automating visual attending behaviors of virtual human
characters," Autonomous Agents Conf., Seattle, WA, May 1999.
J. Shi, T. J. Smith, J. Granieri, and N. Badler. "Smart avatars
in JackMOO," Proc. Virtual Reality '99, Houston, TX, IEEE Computer
Society, March 1999.
Harold Sun, Ambarish Goswami, Dimitris Metaxas and Janice Bruckner.
"Cyclogram Planarity
is Preserved in Upward Slope Walking," Proc. International
Society of Biomechanics XVII Congress, Calgary, Canada, August
1999.
published in 1998
Norman Badler and
Charles Erignac. "Logistic research technology for automating
maintenance instructions, final report," Technical report, CIS,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
Norman Badler, Rama Bindiganavale, Juliet Bourne, Martha Palmer,
Jianping Shi and William Schuler. "A
Parameterized Action Representation for Virtual Human Agents,"
Workshop on Embodied Conversational Characters, Lake Tahoe,
California, October 12-15 1998.
R. Bindiganavale and N. Badler. "Motion
abstraction and mapping with spatial constraints," Workshop
on Motion Capture Technology, Geneva, Switzerland, November
1998.
J. Allbeck and N. Badler. "Avatars a la Snow Crash," Proc.
Computer Animation, Philadelphia, PA, June 1998.
N. Badler and R. Webster. "SIGGRAPH VRML 3D Ph.D. Conetree,"
Computer Graphics 28(3), August 1998, pp. 43-44.
L. Zhao and N. Badler. "Gesticulation behaviors for virtual
humans," Proc. Pacific Graphics, Singapore.
Barry D. Reich. "Real-Time Stereo
Processing, Obstacle Detection, and Terrain Estimation from
Vehicle-Mounted Stereo Cameras," Proceedings of the 4th
IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Computer Vision, Princeton,
NJ, 1998.
published in 1997
D. Metaxas, E. Koh, N. Badler "Multi-level shape representation
using global deformations and locally adaptive finite elements,"
International Journal of Computer Vision 25(1), 1997,
pp. 49-61.
T.J. Smith, J. Shi, J. Granieri, and N. Badler. "JackMOO, An
integration of Jack and lambdaMOO," Pacific Graphics 1997.
N. Badler. "Real-time virtual humans," Pacific Graphics 1997.
D. Chi, E. Kokkevis, O. Ogunyemi, R. Bindiganavale, M. Hollick,
J. Clarke, B. Webber, and N. Badler. "Simulated casualties and
medics for emergency training," in Medicine Meets Virtual
Reality, K.S. Morgan, H.M. Hoffman, D. Stredney, and S.J.
Weghorst (eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1997, pp. 486-494.
N. Badler. "Virtual humans for animation, ergonomics, and simulation,"
IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid and Articulated Motion, Puerto Rico,
June 1997.
T. Noma and N. Badler. "A virtual human presenter," Animated
Interface Agents Workshop, IJCAI-97, Japan.
P. Diefenbach and N. Badler. "Multi-pass pipeline rendering:
Realism for dynamic environments," Symposium on Interactive
3D Graphics, 1997.
F. Azuola, N. Badler, P. Ho, S. Huh, E. Kokkevis, and B. Ting.
"Efforts in preparation for Jack validation," ARL Technical
Report ARL-CR-418, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, US Army Research
Laboratory, available through DTIC.
Barry D. Reich. "Towards Personalities
for Animated Agents with Reactive and Planning Behaviors,"
in Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors: Towards Autonomous
Personality Agents, Robert Trappl and Paolo Petta (eds.),
Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Vienna,
Austria, EU.
Barry D. Reich. "An Architecture
for Behavioral Locomotion," Dissertation, May 1997.
published in 1996
N. Badler, B. Webber, J. Clarke, D. Chi, M. Hollick, N. Foster,
E. Kokkevis, O. Ogunyemi, D. Metaxas, J. Kaye and R. Bindiganavale. "MediSim:
Simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medical forces
planning and training," National Forum on Military Telemedicine,
IEEE, 1996, pp. 21-28.
E. Kokkevis, D. Metaxas and N. Badler. ``User-controlled
physics-based animation for articulated figures," Computer
Animation 1996.
J. Kaye, D. Metaxas, N. Badler, J.Clarke, and B. Webber. "Linking
anatomy and physiology in modeling respiratory mechanics," MMVR
'96.
T. Trias, S. Chopra, B. Reich, M. Moore, N. Badler, B. Webber,
C. Geib. "Decision networks for integrating
the behaviors of virtual agents and avatars," IEEE VRAIS
'96.
H. Ko and N. Badler. "Animating human locomotion in real-time
using inverse dynamics, balance and comfort control," IEEE
Computer Graphics and Applications 16(2), March 1996, pp.
50-59.
C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, and M. Steedman. "Generating facial
expressions for speech," Cognitive Science 20(1), 1996,
pp. 1-46.
D. Chi, J. Clarke, B. Webber, N. Badler. "Casualty modeling
for real-time medical training," Presence 5(4), 1996,
pp. 359-366.
B. Douville, L. Levison, N. Badler. "Task level object grasping
for simulated agents," Presence
5(4), 1996, pp. 416-430.
D. Tolani, N. Badler. "Real time human arm inverse kinematics,"
Presence 5(4), 1996, pp. 393-401.
N. Badler, B. Webber, W. Becket, C. Geib, M. Moore, C. Pelachaud,
B. Reich, and M. Stone. "Planning
for animation," in Interactive Computer Animation,
N. M-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), Prentice-Hall, 1996.
X. Zhao, D. Tolani, B-J. Ting, and N. Badler. "Simulating human
movements using optimal control," EUROGRAPHICS CAS'96, Seventh
International Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation,
FUTUROSCOPE, Poitiers, France, 1996.
Jinah Park, Dimitri Metaxas and Leon Axel. "Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion Based
on Volumetric Deformable Models and MRI-SPAMM," Medical
Image Analysis Journal, 1(1), 1996, pp. 53-71.
Jinah Park, Dimitri Metaxas, Alistair A. Young and Leon Axel.
"Deformable Models with Parameter Functions for Cardiac
Motion Analysis from Tagged MRI Data," IEEE Transactions
on Medical Imaging, 15(3), 1996, pp. 278-289.
Jeffry Nimeroff, Julie Dorsey, and Holly Rushmeier. "Implemention
and Analysis of a Global Illumination Framework for Animated
Environments," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and
Computer Graphics, 2(4), December 1996.
Jeffry Nimeroff. "A Temporal Image-Based
Approach to Motion Reconstruction for Globally Illuminated Animated
Environments," 7th Annual Eurographics Workshop on Rendering,
Porto Portugal, June 17-19 1996.
published in 1995
N. Badler, B. Webber, W. Becket, C. Geib, M. Moore, C. Pelachaud,
B. Reich and M. Stone. "Planning and
parallel transition networks: Animation's new frontiers,"
in Computer Graphics and Applications: Proc. Pacific Graphics
'95, S. Y. Shin and T. L. Kunii (eds.), World Scientific
Publishing, River Edge, NJ, 1995, pp. 101-117.
B. Webber, N. Badler, B. Di Eugenio, C. Geib, L. Levison, and
M. Moore. "Instructions, intentions and expectations," Artificial
Intelligence, 72(1-2), 1995.
J. Granieri and N. Badler. Simulating humans in VR. In Virtual
Reality and its Applications, R. Earnshaw, H. Jones, and
J. Vince (eds.), Academic Press, London, UK, 1995
J. S. Nimeroff, E. Simoncelli, J. Dorsey, and N. Badler. "Rendering
spaces for architectural environments," Presence 4(3),
pp. 286-296, 1995.
D. DeCarlo, J. Kaye, D. Metaxas, J. R. Clarke, B. Webber, and
N. Badler. "Integrating anatomy and physiology for behavior
modeling." In Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm
for Healthcare, K. Morgan, R. M. Satava, H. B. Sieburg,
R. Mattheus, and J. P. Christensen (eds.), IOS Press and Ohmsha,
1995, pp. 81-87.
B. Douville, X. Zhao and N. Badler. "An implementation of simulated
human grasping for manufacturing tasks," SPIE Workshop on Modeling,
Simulation, and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia,
PA, September, 1995.
N. Badler, W. Becket and B. Webber. "Simulation and analysis
of complex human tasks," SPIE Workshop on Modeling, Simulation,
and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia, PA,
September, 1995.
C. Pelachaud, J. Cassell, N. Badler, M. Steedman, S. Prevost,
and M. Stone. "Synthesizing cooperative conversation," Internationl
Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication, Theory,
and Applications CMS/95, Eindhoven, Netherlands, May 1995.
E. Kokkevis, D. Metaxas and N. Badler. "Autonomous
animation and control of four-legged animals," Graphics
Interface 1995.
J. P. Granieri, J. Crabtree, and N. Badler. "Production and playback of human figure motion for visual
simulation," ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer
Simulation 5(3), July 1995, pp. 222-241.
J. Granieri, J. Crabtree and N. Badler. "Off-line production
and real-time playback of human figure motion for 3D virtual
environments," IEEE VRAIS 1995.
Jeffry Nimeroff, Norman I. Badler, and Dimitri Metaxas. "Texture Resampling
While Ray-Tracing: Approximating the Convolution Region Using
Caching," Submitted to Computer Graphics Forum, Eurographics,
February 1995.
Jeffry Nimeroff, Eero Simoncelli, Julie Dorsey, and Norman
I. Badler. "Rendering
Spaces for Architectural Environments," Presence, the
Journal of Virtual Reality and Teleoperators, 4(3), Summer
1995.
Jeffry Nimeroff, Julie Dorsey, and Holly Rushmeier. "A Framework
for Global Illumination in Animated Environments," 6th Annual
Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Dublin Ireland, June 12-14
1995.
N. Badler, D. Metaxas, B. Webber, and M. Steedman. "The Center
for Human Modeling and Simulation," Presence 4(1), pp.
81-96, 1995.
Bonnie Webber and Norman Badler. "Animation
through Reactions, Transition Nets and Plans", Proc. Int'l
Workshop on Human Interface Technology, Aizu, Japan, October
1995.
Ioannis A. Kakadiaris and Dimitri Metaxas. "3D Human body model acquisition from multiple views",
To appear in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference
on Computer Vision, Boston, MA, June 20-23, 1995.
Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, Dimitri Metaxas, and Ruzena Bajcsy.
"Active motion-based segmentation of human body outlines," Part A, Part B, Part C, Part D, Part E, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion
of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, pages 50-56, Austin, TX,
November 11-12 1994. IEEE Computer Society Press.
Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, D. Metaxas, and R. Bajcsy. "Active part-decomposition, shape and motion estimation
of articulated objects: A physics-based approach", In IEEE
Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
pp. 980-984, Seattle, WA, June 21-23, 1994.
N. Badler, D. Metaxas, B. Webber, and M. Steedman. "The Center
for Human Modeling and Simulation," Presence 4(1),
pp. 81-96, 1995.
C. Pelachaud, N. I. Badler, M. Steedman. "Generating Facial Expressions for Speech",
Cognitive Science, to appear.
Douglas DeCarlo, Jonathan Kaye, Dimitri Metaxas, John R. Clarke,
Bonnie Webber, and Norm Badler. "Integrating anatomy and physiology
for behavior modeling," 1995.
J. Zhao and N. I. Badler. "Real time inverse kinematics with
joint limits and spatial constraints," to appear in ACM Transactions
on Graphics.
S. Dickinson and D. Metaxas. "Integrating qualitative and quantitative
shape recovery," International Journal of Computer Vision,
in press.
D. Metaxas and E. Koh. "Flexible multibody dynamics and adaptive
finite element techniques for model synthesis and estimation,"
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,
in press.
B. Webber, N. Badler, F. Baldwin, W. Becket, B. Di Eugenio,
C. Geib, M. Jung, L. Levison, M. Moore and M. White. "Doing
what you're told: Following task instructions in changing but
hospitable environments," to appear in Language and Vision
across the Pacific, Y. Wilks and N. Okada (eds.).
Barry D. Reich. "Planning and Terrain
Reasoning," AAAI Spring Symposium on Integrated Planning
Applications, Stanford University, California, 1995.
Barry D. Reich. "Planning for Reactive
Behaviors in Hide and Seek," Proceedings of the Fifth Conference
on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation,
Orlando, Florida, 1995.
Barry D. Reich. "Behavioral Programming
for Real-Time Interactive Simulated Human Agents," 1995
Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Monterey, Ca, April 9-12,
1995.
published in 1994
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, and Marie-Luce Viaud.
"Final
report to NSF of the standards for facial animation workshop,"
October 1994.
J. Cassell, C. Pelachaud, N. I. Badler, M. Steedman. "Automatically Generating Conversational Behaviors
in Animated Agents", Lifelike Computer Characters, Snowbird,
UT, October, 1994.
C. Pelachaud, S. Prevost. "Sight
and Sound: Generating Facial Expressions and Spoken Intonation
from Context," Proceedings of the second ESCA/AAAI/IEEE
Workshop on Speech Synthesis, New Paltz, NY, USA, September
1994.
J. Park, D. Metaxas, A. Young. "Deformable Models with
Parameter Functions: Application to Heart Wall Modeling,"
Proc. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision &
Pattern Recognition, Seattle, Washington, June 1994, pp. 437-442.
J. Park, D. Metaxas, A. Young, L. Axel. "Model-Based Analysis
of Cardiac Motion from Tagged MRI Data," Proc. Seventh Annual
IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina, June 1994, pp.40-45.
C. Pelachaud, C.W.A.M van Overveld, C. Seah. "Modeling and Animating the Human Tongue during Speech Production,"
Computer Animation '94, Geneva, Switzerland, May 1994.
Libby Levison and Norman Badler. "How
Animated Agents Perform Tasks: Connecting Planning and Manipulation
Through Object-Specific Reasoning," Presented at the AAAI
Spring Symposium: Toward Physical Interaction and Manipulation,
March 1994.
C. W. Geib, L. Levison, and M. B. Moore. "SodaJack: An architecture for agents that search for
and manipulate objects," Tech. Rep. MS-CIS-94-16/LINC LAB
265, Department of Computer and Information Science, University
of Pennsylvania, 1994.
Jeffry Nimeroff, Eero Simoncelli, and Julie Dorsey. "Efficient
Re-rendering of Naturally Illuminated Environments," 5th
Annual Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Darmstadt Germany,
June 13-15 1994.
Francisco Azuola, Norman I. Badler, Pei-Hwa Ho, Ioannis Kakadiaris,
Dimitri Metaxas, and Bond-Jay Ting. "Building Anthropometry-Based
Virtual Human Models," Proc. of IMAGE VII Conference, Tucson,
AZ, 1994.
J. Cassell, C. Pelachaud, N. I. Badler, M. Steedman, B. Achorn,
T. Becket, B. Douville, S. Prevost, M. Stone. "ANIMATED CONVERSATION: Rule-based Generation of Facial
Expression, Gesture and Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational
Agents", Siggraph'94, Orlando, USA, 1994.
J. Cassell, M. Steedman, N. I. Badler, C. Pelachaud, M. Stone,
B. Douville, S. Prevost, B. Achorn. "Modeling
the Interaction between Speech and Gesture", Proceedings
of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, 1994.
J. Zhao and N. Badler. "Inverse kinematics positioning using
nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures," ACM
Transactions on Graphics 13(4), pp. 313-336, Oct. 1994.
X. Zhao and N. Badler. "Near real-time body awareness," Computer
Aided Design 26(12), pp. 861-868, Dec. 1994.
F. Azuola, N. Badler, P. Ho, I. Kakadiaris, D. Metaxas, and
B. Ting. "Building anthropometry-based virtual human models,"
Proc. IMAGE VII Conference, Tucson, AZ, June, 1994.
B. Reich, N. Badler, H. Ko, and W. Becket. "Terrain reasoning
for human locomotion," Computer Animation '94, Geneva, Switz.,
pp. 76-82, 1994.
R. Bindiganavale, J. Granieri, S. Wei, X. Zhao, and N. Badler.
"Posture interpolation with collision avoidance," Computer Animation
'94, Geneva, Switz., pp. 13-20, 1994.
P. Diefenbach and N. Badler. "Pipeline rendering: Interactive
refractions, reflections, and shadows," Displays 15(3),
pp, 173-180, 1994.
D. Pratt, P. Barham, J. Locke, M. Zyda, B. Eastham, T. Moore,
K. Biggers, R. Douglass, S. Jacobsen, M. Hollick, J.Granieri,
H. Ko, N. Badler. "Insertion of an Articulated Human into a
Networked Virtual Environment," Proceedings of the 1994 AI,
Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems Conference,
University of Florida, Gainesville, 7-9 December 1994.
M. Jung, N. Badler, and T. Noma. "Animated human agents with
motion planning capability for 3D-space postural goals," Journal
of Visualization and Computer Animation 5(4), 1994. (Revision
of Pacific Graphics '93 paper).
Barry D. Reich. "Terrain Navigation
Skills and Reasoning," Proceedings of the Fourth Conference
on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representations,
Orlando, Florida, May 1994.
Barry D. Reich. "Terrain Reasoning
for Human Locomotion," Proceedings of Computer Animation,
Geneva, Switzerland, May, 1994.
published in 1993
N. I. Badler, C. B. Phillips, and B. L. Webber. Simulating Humans: Computer
Graphics, Animation, and Control. Oxford Univ. Press, 1993.
N. I. Badler, M. Hollick and J. Granieri. "Real-time
control of a virtual human using minimal sensors," Presence
2(1), pp. 82-86, 1993.
C. Pelachaud, M.L. Viaud, H. Yahia. "Rule-Based
Facial Animation System," IJCAI, Chambery, France, August
1993.
N. I. Badler, C. Phillips and B. L. Webber. "Simulating Humans:
Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control", Oxford University
Press, June 1993.
Libby Levison. "The Topic is Open,"
Presented at the Penn Linguistics Colloquium 1993, University
of Pennsylvania.
N. I. Badler. "Simulated humans, graphical behaviors, and animated
agents," In Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies
for Mechanical System Design, E. Haug (ed.), NATO ASI Series,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, pp. 929-944.
X. Zhao and N. I. Badler. "Near real-time body awareness,"
First Bilkent Computer Graphics Conference, Ankara, Turkey,
1993.
M-Z. Shao and N. I. Badler. "Analysis and acceleration of progressive
refinement radiosity method," Fourth Eurographics Workshop on
Rendering, Paris, France, 1993.
M. Jung, N. I. Badler and T. Noma. "Collision-avoidance planning
for task-level human motion based on a qualitative motion model,"
Pacific Graphics Conf., 1993.
H. Ko and N. I. Badler. "Intermittent non-rhythmic human stepping
and locomotion," Pacific Graphics Conf., 1993.
B. Achorn and N. I. Badler. "A virtual training environment
with simulated agents," Conf. on Intelligent Computer-Aided
Training and Virtual Environment Technology, 1993.
H. Ko and N. I. Badler. "Straight line walking animation based
on kinematic generalization that preserves the original characteristics,"
Proc. Graphics Interface '93, 1993.
N. I. Badler and B. Webber. "Virtual interactive collaborators
for simulation and training," 3rd Conf. on Computer Generated
Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, March 1993.
W. Becket and N. I. Badler. "Integrated behavioral agent architecture,"
3rd Conf. on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation,
Orlando, FL, pp. 57-68, March 1993.
D. Metaxas and D. Terzopoulos. "Shape and nonrigid motion estimation
through physics-based synthesis," IEEE Transactions on Pattern
Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI, 15(6), pp. 580-591,
June 1993.
D. Metaxas and E. Koh. "Flexible multibody dynamics and adaptive
finite element techniques for model synthesis and estimation,"
Proc. Second U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics,
p. 268, Washington, D.C., August, 1993.
D. Metaxas. "Segmentation, estimation and tracking of shape
and nonrigid motion," International Conference on Digital Signal
Processing, pp. 649-654, Cyprus, July 14-16, 1993.
D. Metaxas and E. Koh. "Efficient shape representation using
deformable models with locally adaptive finite elements," Geometric
Methods in Computer Vision II, B.C. Vemuri (ed.), Proc. SPIE
2031, pp. 160-171, San Diego, CA, July, 1993.
D. Metaxas and S. Dickinson. "Integration of quantitative and
qualitative techniques for deformable model fitting from orthographic,
perspective, and stereo projections," Proc. 4th International
Conference on Computer Vision ICCV '93, pp. 641-649, Berlin,
Germany, 1993.
D. Metaxas. "Fast dynamic point-to-point constraint algorithm
for deformable bodies," Proc. 2nd International Conference on
Discrete Element Methods, pp. 455-458, MIT, Boston, March 1993.
D. Metaxas and D. Terzopoulos. "Nonrigid multibody dynamics
for model synthesis and estimation," Proc. 3rd Pan American
Congress of Applied Mechanics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, pp. 455-458,
January 4-8, 1993.
C. Schoeneman, J. O. Dorsey, J. Arvo and D. P. Greenberg. "Painting
with light," Computer Graphics 27(2), August 1993, pp. 143-146.
J. Dorsey, J. Arvo and D. P. Greenberg. "Interactive design
of complex time-dependent lighting," IEEE Computer Graphics
and Applications, 1993, in press.
N. I. Badler, M. Hollick and J. Granieri. "Real-time
control of a virtual human using minimal sensors," Presence
2(1), pp. 82-86, 1993.
published in 1992
D. Metaxas and D. Terzopoulos. "Flexible multibody dynamics
techniques for shape and nonrigid motion estimation and synthesis,"
Proc. of ASME Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Flexible
Multibody Systems, Anaheim, CA, pp. 147-155, November, 1992.
S. J. Dickinson and D. Metaxas. "Using qualitative shape to
constrain deformable model fitting," Sensor Fusion V, Proc.
SPIE, Boston, MA, November 1992.
D. Metaxas and D. Terzopoulos. "Kalman filter based estimation
of shape and nonrigid motion," Proc. Canadian Conference on
Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE-92), Toronto, Ontario,
pp. MM5.4.1-MM5.4.4, September 1992.
D. Metaxas and D. Terzopoulos. "Dynamic deformation of solid
primitives with constraints," Computer Graphics, July 26-31,
1992, pp. 309-312.
W. Ching and N. I. Badler. "Motion planning for redundant branching
articulated figures with many degrees of freedom," Proc. IEEE/RSJ
International Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 1044-1052,
1992.
C. Phillips, N. I. Badler, and J. Granieri. "Automatic viewing
control for 3D direct manipulation," 1992 Symposium on Interactive
3D Graphics. Computer Graphics Special Issue, pp. 71-74,
1992.
M. Jung and N. I. Badler. "Posture planning for agent animation,"
(abstract) First AI Planning Conference, College Park, MD, May
1992.
W. Ching and N. I. Badler. "Fast motion planning for anthropometric
figures with many degrees of freedom," Proceedings of IEEE International
Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1052-1061, May 1992.
C. Pelachaud, N. I. Badler and M. Steedman. "Correlation of
facial and vocal expressions for facial movement," Interface
to Real and Virtual Worlds, Montpellier, France, March 1992.
S. Wei and N. I. Badler. "Human strength data display," Visualization
and Computer Animation 3(1), pp. 13-22, 1992.
published in 1991
C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, M. Steedman. "Linguistic
Issues in Facial Animation", in Computer Animation ?91,
N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), Springer-Verlag,
1991, pp. 15-30. Also, technical report MS-CIS-90-88, University
of Pennsylvania, 1990.
J. O. Dorsey, F. X. Sillion and D. P. Greenberg. "Design and
simulation of opera lighting and projection effects," Computer
Graphics 25(4), July 1991, pp. 41-50.
N. I. Badler. "Graphical behaviors and animated agents," Proc.
US-Japan Workshop on Integrated Systems in Perceptually Grounded
Environments, Las Cruces NM, December 1991.
B. Webber, N. Badler, B. DiEugenio, L. Levison and M. White.
"Instructing animated agents," Proc. US-Japan Workshop on Integrated
Systems in Perceptually Grounded Environments, Las Cruces NM,
December 1991.
C. Phillips and N. I. Badler. "Interactive behaviors for bipedal
articulated figures," Computer Graphics 25(4), July 1991,
pp. 359-362.
N. I. Badler. "Human modeling in visualization," in New
Trends in Animation and Visualization, N. Magnenat-Thalmann
and D. Thalmann (eds.), Wiley, 1991, pp. 209-228.
M. R. Jung, J. K. Kalita, N. I. Badler and W. Ching. "Simulating
human tasks using simple natural language instructions," Winter
Simulation Conf. Proc., 1991.
J. K. Kalita and N. I. Badler. "Interpreting prepositions physically,"
AAAI-91, Anaheim, CA, July 1991.
G. Monheit and N. I. Badler. "A kinematic model of the human
spine and torso," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 11(2),
March 1991, pp. 29-38.
C. Pelachaud, N. I. Badler and M. Steedman. "Issues in facial
animation," Computer Animation '91, Geneva, Switzerland, June
1991.
O. Niazi and N. I. Badler. "Converting BRL-CAD objects to surface
representation and adding articulation and Jack ergonomic analysis,"
BRL-CAD Symposium '91, May 1991.
N. I. Badler and B. Webber. "Task communication through natural
language and graphics," AI Magazine, 11(5), pp. 71-73,
1991.
J. Esakov and N. I. Badler. "An architecture for high-level
human task animation control," Knowledge Based Simulation:
Methodology and Application, P. A. Fishwick and R. B. Modjeski
(eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1991.
published in 1990
P. Lee, S. Wei, J. Zhao and N. I. Badler. "Strength guided
motion," Computer Graphics 24(4), 1990 pp. 253-262.
C. Phillips, J. Zhao and N. I. Badler. "Interactive real-time
articulated figure manipulation using multiple kinematic constraints,"
Computer Graphics 24(2), pp. 245-250, 1990.
W. Becket and N. I. Badler. "Imperfection
for realistic image synthesis," Journal of Visualization
and Computer Animation, 1(1), 1990, pp. 26-32.
N. I. Badler, M. Steedman and B. Webber. "Task training through
narrated animated," AAAI Workshop on "Simulated Reality," 1990.
N. I. Badler, B. Barsky and D. Zeltzer (eds.). Making Them
Move: Mechanics, Control, and Animation of Articulated Figures,
Morgan-Kaufmann, 1990.
N. I. Badler, B. Webber, J. Kalita and J. Esakov. "Animation
from instructions," In Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control,
and Animation of Articulated Figures, Morgan-Kaufmann, 1990,
pp. 51-93.
J. Kalita and N. I. Badler. "Semantic analysis of action verbs
based on physical primitives," Cognitive Science Society 12th
Annual Conference, 1990.
T. Alameldin, N. I. Badler, M. Palis and S. Rajasekaran. "On
the complexity of computing reachable workspaces for redundant
manipulators," SPIE International Symposia on Applications in
Optical Science and Engineering: OE/Boston '90 Symposium on
Advances in Intelligent Systems; Intelligent Robots and Computer
Vision IX: Algorithms and Complexity, 1990.
T. Alameldin, N. I. Badler and T. Sobh. "An adaptive and efficient
system for computing the 3-D reachable workspace," IEEE International
Conf. on Systems Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 1990, pp.
503-506.
B. Webber, M. Steedman and N. I. Badler. "Narrated animation:
A case for generation," ACL Workshop on Natural Language Generation,
Dawson, PA, June 1990.
published in 1989
M. Grosso, R. Quach, E. Otani, J. Zhao, S. Wei. P.-H. Ho, J.
Lu, and N. I. Badler. "Anthropometry
for Computer Graphics Human Figures," Technical Report MS-CIS-89-71,
Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
Pennsylvania, 1989.
P. Lee, C. Phillips, E. Otani and N. I. Badler. "The Jack interactive
human model," Concurrent Engineering of Mechanical Systems,
Vol. 1, First Annual Symposium on Mechanical Design in a Concurrent
Engineering Environment, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October
1989, pp. 179-198.
N. I. Badler. "Task-oriented animation of human figures," in
Applications of Human Performance Models to System Design,
G. R. McMillan, D. Beevis, E. Salas, M. H. Strub, R. Sutton,
and L. van Breda (eds.), Defense Research Series, Volume 2,
Plenum Press, New York, 1989.
N. I. Badler. "Artificial intelligence, natural language, and
simulation for human animation," in State-of-the Art in Computer
Animation, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.),
Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 19-31.
J. Esakov, N. I. Badler and M. Jung. "An investigation of language
input and performance timing for task animation," Graphics
Interface '89, June 1989, pp. 86-93.
M. Grosso, R. Quach and N. I. Badler. "Anthropometry for computer
animated human figures," in State-of-the Art in Computer
Animation, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.),
Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 83-96.
M. Grosso, R. Quach and N. I. Badler. "Creating computer animated
human figure models anthropometrically," Graduate Conference
on Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo, March 1989.
N. I. Badler. "Task-driven human figure animation," Proc. NCGA
'89, National Computer Graphics Assoc., Philadelphia, PA, 1989.
J. Esakov, N. I. Badler and M. Jung. "Human task animation
from performance models and natural language input," Graphics
Technology in Space Applications, NASA JSC Conference Publication
3045, April 1989.
G. Radack and N. I. Badler. "Local matching of surfaces using
boundary-centered radial decomposition," Computer Vision,
Graphics, and Image Processing 45(3), 1989, pp. 380-396.
N. I. Badler. "A representation for natural human movement,"
in Dance Technology I, J. Gray, (ed.), AAHPERD Publications,
Reston, VA, 1989.
published in 1988
P. Pu and N. I. Badler. "The Implementation of a Design Knowledge
Capturing System," Second IFIP Working Group 5.2 Workshop on
Intelligent CAD, Cambridge, England, September 1988.
C. Phillips and N. I. Badler. "Jack: A toolkit for manipulating
articulated figures," ACM/SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface
Software, Banff, Canada, October 1988.
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