GARY HATFIELD

Education

Academic Appointments

Research Interests

• Philosophy of psychology: The structure of explanation in theories of visual perception; qualia and the mind-body problem.
• History of philosophy: Metaphysics, epistemology, and science in Descartes and Kant; historical relations of philosophy and psychology.
• History of psychology: The origin of naturalistic theories of the mind; the development of psychology as a natural science.

Awards and Activities

Daniel S. Pajes Prize in Art History, 1971; National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellow, 1975–78; Vilas Travel Fellowship, 1978; Research Associate in Psychology, Wisconsin, 1980; American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship for Recent PhDs, 1983; Fellow, Research Group "Mind and Brain," ZiF, Bielefeld, summer, 1990; Inaugural Austin and Hempel lecturer, Dalhousie University, 1991; Fellow, Research Group "Perception and Evolution," ZiF, Bielefeld, 1995–96. Editorial Boards, Philosophical Psychology; Philosophy of Science.

Memberships

American Philosophical Association, Cognitive Science Society, Forum for the History of the Human Sciences, History of Science Society, North American Kant Society, Philosophy of Science Association, Society for Philosophy and Psychology.

Publications

1. The Natural and the Normative: Theories of Spatial Perception from Kant to Helmholtz. Cambridge: MIT Press/Bradford Books, 1990, xii+366.
   
2. Kant's Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, translated, with introduction, notes, and selections from the Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Revised edition, with additional Critique selections and the Göttingen and Gotha reviews, 2004.
3. Edition of Kant's Prolegomena, with translator's introduction, apparatus, and notes. In Theoretical Philosophy After 1781, ed. by Henry Allison and Peter Heath. Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
4. Descartes and the Meditations. London: Routledge, 2003, xxi+353.
   Chinese translation of same (simplified characters), by Shang Xin Jian (Peking University). Guilin City: Guangxi Normal University Press, 2007.

1. Force (God) in Descartes' Physics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10 (1979), 113–140. Reprinted in Descartes, ed. by J. Cottingham, Oxford Readings in Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 281–310.
2. Functional Equivalence of Masking and Cue Reduction in Perception of Shape at a Slant. Perception and Psychophysics 23 (1978), 137–144, with W. Epstein.
3. The Sensory Core and the Medieval Foundations of Early Modern Perceptual Theory. Isis 70 (1979), 363–384, with W. Epstein.
4. Representation without Symbol Systems. Social Research 51 (1984), 1019–1045, with S. Kosslyn.
5. First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes. In Philosophy, Its History and Historiography, ed. by A. J. Holland (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1985), 149–164.
6. The Status of the Minimum Principle in the Theoretical Analysis of Vision. Psychological Bulletin 97 (1985), 155–186, with W. Epstein.
7. The Senses and the Fleshless Eye: The Meditations as Cognitive Exercises. In Articles on Descartes' Meditations, ed. by Amelie Rorty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), 45–79.
8. Representation and Content in Some (Actual) Theories of Perception. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 19 (1988), 175–214.
9. Neuro-Philosophy Meets Psychology: Reduction, Autonomy, and Physiological Constraints. Cognitive Neuropsychology 5 (1988), 723–746.
10. Gibsonian Representations and Connectionist Symbol-Processing: Prospects for Unification. Psychological Research 52 (1990), 243–252.
11. Metaphysics and the New Science. In Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, ed. by David Lindberg and Robert Westman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 93–166.
12. Representation in Perception and Cognition: Connectionist Affordances. In Philosophy and Connectionist Theory, ed. by W. Ramsey, D. Rumelhart, and S. Stich (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991), 163–195.
13. Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems. In Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind, ed. by T. Horgan and J. Tienson (Boston: Kluwer, 1991), 90–112.
14. Color Perception and Neural Encoding: Does Matameric Matching Entail a Loss of Information? In PSA 1992, ed. by David Hull and Mickey Forbes, 2 vols. (East Lansing, MI: PSA), 1:492–504.
15. Descartes' Physiology and Its Relation to His Psychology. In Cambridge Companion to Descartes, ed. by John Cottingham (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 335–370.
16. Empirical, Rational, and Transcendental Psychology: Psychology as Science and as Philosophy. In Cambridge Companion to Kant, ed. by Paul Guyer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 200–227.
17. Helmholtz and Classicism: The Science of Aesthetics and the Aesthetics of Science. In Hermann von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century Science, ed. by David Cahan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 522–558.
18. Reason, Nature, and God in Descartes. In Essays on the Philosophy and Science of Rene Descartes, ed. by Stephen Voss (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 259–287.
19. Gestalt Psychology and the Philosophy of Mind. Philosophical Psychology 7 (1994), 163–181, with W. Epstein.
20. Remaking the Science of Mind: Psychology as a Natural Science. In Inventing Human Science, ed. by Christopher Fox, Roy Porter, and Robert Wokler (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 184–231.
21. Philosophy of Psychology as Philosophy of Science. In PSA 1994, ed. by David Hull, Mickey Forbes, and Richard Burian, 2 vols. (East Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association, 1995), 2:19–23.
22. Review Essay: The Importance of the History of Science for Philosophy in General. Review of books by Daniel Garber and Michael Friedman, Synthese 106 (1996), 113–138.
23. Was the Scientific Revolution Really a Revolution in Science? In Tradition, Transmission, Transformation, ed. by Jamil Ragep and Sally Ragep, Collection de travaux de l'Academie internationale d'histoire des sciences (Leiden: Brill, 1996), 489–525.
24. The Workings of the Intellect: Mind and Psychology. In Logic and the Workings of the Mind: The Logic of Ideas and Faculty Psychology in Early Modern Philosophy, ed. Patricia Easton. North American Kant Society Publications 5 (Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview Publishing Co., 1997), 21–45.
25. Wundt and Psychology as Science: Disciplinary Transformations. Perspectives on Science 5 (1997), 349–382.
26. The Cognitive Faculties. In Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, ed. by M. Ayers and D. Garber (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 953–1002.
27. Attention in Early Scientific Psychology. In Visual Attention, ed. by R. D. Wright (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 3–25.
28. Mental Functions as Constraints on Neurophysiology: Biology and Psychology of Vision. In Where Biology Meets Psychology: Philosophical Essays, ed. by V. Hardcastle (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999), 251–271.
29. The Brain's "New" Science: Psychology, Neurophysiology, and Constraint. Philosophy of Science 67 (2000), S388–403.
30. Descartes' Naturalism About the Mental. In Descartes' Natural Philosophy, ed. by Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton (London: Routledge, 2000), 630–658.
31. Epistemology and Science in the Image of Modern Philosophy: Rorty on Descartes and Locke. In Future Pasts: Reflections on the History and Nature of Analytic Philosophy, ed. by J. Floyd and S. Shieh (Oxford University Press, 2001), 393–413.
32. The Prolegomena and the Critiques of Pure Reason. In Kant und die Berliner Aufklärung, ed. by V. Gerhardt, R. P. Horstmann, and R. Schumacher (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2001), 185–208.
33. Perception as Unconscious Inference. In Perception and the Physical World: Psychological and Philosophical Issues in Perception, ed. by Dieter Heyer and Rainer Mausfeld (New York: Wiley, 2002), 115–143.
34. Psychology, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science: Reflections on the History and Philosophy of Experimental Psychology. Mind and Language 17 (2002), 207–232.
35. Sense-Data and the Mind-Body Problem: Russell, James, and Mach. Principia 6 (2003), 203–230.
36. Behaviorism and Naturalism. In Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1870–1945, ed. by Thomas Baldwin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 640–648.
37. Psychology Old and New. In Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1870–1945, ed. by Thomas Baldwin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 93–106.
38. Representation and Constraints: The Inverse Problem and the Structure of Visual Space. Acta Psychologica 114 (2003), 355–378.
39. Objectivity and Subjectivity Revisited: Color as a Psychobiological Property. In Colour Perception: Mind and the Physical World, ed. by Rainer Mausfeld and Dieter Heyer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 187–202.
40. What Were Kant's Aims in the Deduction? Philosophical Topics 31 (2003), 165–198.
41. Seeing_Dretske. Philosophical Studies 120 (2004), 19–35.
42. Sense-Data and the Mind-Body Problem. In Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present, ed. by Ralph Schumacher (Berlin: Mentis Verlag, 2004), 305–331.
43. Force and Mind-Body Interaction. In Science and Cultural Diversity: Proceedings of the XXIst International Congress of the History of Science, ed. by Juan Jose Saldana (Mexico City: Autonomous National University of Mexico, 2005), 3074–3089.
44. History of Philosophy as Philosophy. In Analytic Philosophy and History of Philosophy, ed. by Tom Sorell and G. A. J. Rogers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 82–128.
45. Introspective Evidence in Psychology. In Scientific Evidence: Philosophical Theories and Applications, ed. by Peter Achinstein (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 259–286.
46. Rationalist Theories of Sense Perception and Mind–Body Relation. In Blackwell Companion to Rationalism, ed. by Alan Nelson (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), 31–60.
47. The Cartesian Circle. In Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations, ed. by Stephen Gaukroger (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), 122–141.
48. Kant on the Perception of Space (and Time). In Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy, ed. by Paul Guyer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 61–93.
49. Psychology and Philosophy. In Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy, ed. by Anthony Grayling, Andrew Pyle, and Naomi Goulder, 4 vols. (London: Thoemmes, 2006), 3:2613–2621.
50. The Passions of the Soul and Descartes's Machine Psychology. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 38 (2007), 1–35.
51. The Reality of Qualia. Erkenntnis 66 (2007), 133–168.
52. Did Descartes Have a Jamesian Theory of the Emotions? Philosophical Psychology 20 (2007), 413–440.
53. Animals. In Companion to Descartes, ed. by J. Carriero and J. Broughton (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007), 404–425.

Talks Given Since 1999

1. Hume on the Intellect and Understanding. Hume Society, Berkeley, April, 1999.
2. Descartes' Naturalism About the Mental. Philosophy Programme, School of Advanced Study, University of London, June, 1999.
3. Perception as Unconscious Inference: Alhazen to Rock. Department of Philosophy, University College London, June, 1999.
4. Three lectures on Cognition and Knowing in Modern Philosophy: (1) Epistemology and Knowing in Modern Philosophy; (2) Science and the Understanding in Descartes and Locke; (3) Hume and Kant on the Understanding. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, October, 1999.
5. What Can the Mind Tell Us about the Brain? Center for Moral and Mental Philosophy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, October, 1999; Philosophy Colloquium, Rutgers University, October, 1999.
6. Epistemology and Knowing in Modern Philosophy. Center for Philosophy and the Human Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, October, 1999.
7. The Separation of Philosophy and Psychology: Past Dependency and Intellectual Identity. The Stanford Presidential Lectures and Symposia in the Humanities and Arts, Symposium on Past Dependencies, November, 1999.
8. The Prolegomena and the Critiques of Pure Reason. Invited lecture, Ninth International Kant Congress, Berlin, March, 2000.
9. Philosophy, and the History of Science: On Telling the Players. Fourth International Joint Meeting of the British Society for the History of Science, the Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science, and the History of Science Society, St. Louis, Missouri, August, 2000.
10. Kant, Hume, the Prolegomena, and the Two Critiques. Philosophy Colloquium, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, October, 2000.
11. Cartesian Zombies: Brain, Mind, and Psychology in Descartes. New England Seminar in Early Modern Philosophy, Amherst College, March, 2001; Philosophy Colloquium, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, August, 2001; Workshop on Mechanism, Materialism, and the Mental, Rutgers University, November, 2001; Philosophy Colloquium, Columbia University, December, 2002.
12. The Second Meditation and the Four Cogitos. Philosophy Colloquium, University of Ottawa, April, 2001; Conference on Reason and Cause, co-sponsored by the Midwest Seminar in the History of Early Modern Philosophy and the Centre d'etudes Cartesiennes (Universite de Paris IV-Sorbonne), University of Chicago, May, 2002.
13. Force and Mind-Body Interaction. In the session Force and Energy in Modern Natural Philosophy, XXIst International Congress of History of Science, Mexico City, July, 2001.
14. Sense-Data and the Mind-Body Problem: Mach, James, and Russell. Second Principia International Symposium, Bertrand Russell, Florianopolis, August, 2001.
15. Sense-Data and the Philosophy of Mind. Symposium on Mental Representation and Reality: Theories of Perception from Descartes to the Present, Humboldt University, Berlin, October, 2001; Philosophy Colloquium, Harvard University, March, 2003.
16. Critic, in Author Meets Critics: David Owen, Hume's Reason. Pacific Division APA, Seattle, March, 2002.
17. Commentator on Fred Dretske, Change Blindness: Oberlin Colloquium in Philosophy, Philosophy of Perception, April, 2002.
18. The New Psychology and the Mind-Body Problem. Hopos: International Working Group on the History of the Philosophy of Science, biennial meeting, Montreal, June, 2002.
19. Getting Objects for Free. Presented at the invitation of the Equipe Rationalites contemporaines, Dept. of Philosophy, University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), the Institut Jean Nicod, and the Department d'etudes cognitives de l'ENS, May, 2003.
20. The Relations Between Psychology and the Neurosciences. Seminar on the Naissance de la psychologie scientifique, Dept. of Philosophy, University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), May, 2003.
21. Getting Objects for Free: The Philosophy and Psychology of Object Perception. Fourth International Conference on Cognitive Science, Sydney, Australia, July 13–17, 2003.
22. Physicists Against Physicalism. Third Principia International Symposium, Florianopolis, Brazil, September, 2003.
23. Object Perception and de re Reference, Philosophy Colloquium, University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil, September, 2003.
24. The Reality of Qualia. Internationaler Konferenz Wahrnehmung und Status sekundärer Eigenschaften, Bielefeld, September, 2003.
25. Psychology in Philosophy: Historical Perspectives. History of Mind Workshop on Psychology in Philosophy: Intellectual and Social Aspects from Late Scholasticism to Contemporary Thought, Helsinki, October, 2003.
26. Descartes' Passions: Machine Psychology and the Mind. Philosophy Colloquium, Wichita State University, November, 2003.
27. The Passions of the Soul and Descartes' Machine Psychology. University of King's College, Descartes Lecture Series, April, 2004.
28. Kantian Things and Conditional or Contingent Necessity: Comments on a Paper by Robert Greenberg. Central Division APA, Chicago, April, 2004.
29. Introspective Evidence in Psychology. Ursinus College Methodology Symposium, April, 2004.
30. Was Kant Out to Refute Hume in the First Critique? Thirty-First Meeting of the Hume Society, Tokyo, August, 2004.
31. The Geometry of Visual Space. Perceptual Dynamics Colloquium, Riken Brain Science Institute, Tokyo, August, 2004.
32. Cartesian Zombies: The Psychology of Machines. Center for History and Philosophy of Science, Johns Hopkins University, November, 2004.
33. Mind, Culture, and Biology. Keynote Address, George Washington University Undergraduate Philosophy Conference, Washington, D.C., April, 2005.
34. What Were Kant's Aims in the Deduction? First Critique Seminar, Department of Philosophy, Stanford University, April, 2005.
35. Descartes' Passions of the Soul and the Principle of Habituation or Association. Southeast Seminar in Early Modern Philosophy, University of Virginia, October, 2005.
36. On Perceptual Constancy. Conference on Brain, Language and Cognition, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, October, 2005.
37. What Can the Mind Tell Us About the Brain? Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Minnesota, October, 2005.
38. The Body: A Mind of Its Own. Mutable Body Lectures, New Perspectives Program, Indiana University, South Bend, January, 2006.
39. Consciousness and Qualia. Brown Bag Discussion, Department of Philosophy, Indiana University, South Bend, January, 2006.
40. On Perceptual Constancy and the Geometry of Visual Space. Philosophy Colloquium, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, February, 2006; Philosophy Colloquium, Ohio State University, April, 2006.
41. Kant on Spatial Perception, Apperception, and Introspective Awareness. Mind and Language Seminar, New York University, February, 2006.
42. Color as a Psychobiological Property. Penn-UNAM Philosophy Encounter, Autonomous National University of Mexico, May, 2006.
43. American Functionalism and Behaviorism. Enriching the Context: Naturalism, Empiricism, and Realism in American Philosophy and Psychology, 1870-1930, International Society for the History of the Philosophy of Science, Paris, June, 2006.
44. Perceptual Constancy and Visual Space. Lunchtime Seminar Series, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, October, 2006.
45. Mental Acts and Mechanistic Psychology in Descartes' Passions. Invited talk, Oxford Seminar in Early Modern Philosophy, Oxford University, October, 2006.
46. What Can Contextual History of Philosophy Do for Philosophy? Symposium on Approaches to the History of Philosophy, Eastern Division APA, December, 2006.
47. Transparency of Mind: The Contribution of Descartes, Leibniz and Berkeley to the Genesis of the Modern Subject. Invited talk, European Society for Early Modern Philosophy, First International Congress, Essen, March, 2007.
48. Psychology in Mind: From the Mind-Body to the Physiology-Psychology Problem. Berkeley-UCSF Colloquium in History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Berkeley, October, 2007.