CIS 455 / 555: Internet and Web Systems (Spring 2012)

Instructor Andreas Haeberlen
Location: 560 Levine Hall North (a.k.a. GRW building)
Office hours: Thursdays 1:00-2:00pm
Location Skirkanich auditorium
Mondays + Wednesdays 9:30am -11:00am
Announcements This year's award for the best final project goes to

Project "Hitchhiker"
Dhruv Arya, Santhosh Kumar Balakrishnan, Saurabh Garg, Chetan Singh

   
Hitchhiker's homepage
Results for "Apple"
Dhruv, Santhosh, Saurabh, and Chetan
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Dhruv, Shantosh, Saurabh, and Chetan built "Hitchhiker" a cloud-based search engine. Hitchhiker consists of 1) a scalable distributed crawler that runs on Amazon EC2 instances and uses FreePastry for coordination; 2) an indexer and a PageRank engine that is based on Elastic MapReduce; and 3) a web frontend. Hitchhiker also contains a number of extra features, including page previews, a "safe search" to filter out explicit results, and a special search for the visually challenged, which enables the user to control the search entirely with spoken commands. Google donated four Nexus cell phones as a prize for the best project, and each member of the Hitchhiker team received one of the phones.

Honorable mentions go to the following teams (in no particular order):

Project "The Omniscient Search Engine"
Pratikkumar Patel, Yat Ming Ho, Tianming Zheng, Jiehua Zhu

Project "Splend"
Mengyao Chai, Ruogu Hu, Zhou Tan, Chen Yang

Congratulations to the winning teams!
Teaching assistants Mingchen Zhao, mizhao@cis.upenn.edu
Office hour: Fridays 12:30-13:30pm (Levine 612)

Arjun Narayan narayana@cis.upenn.edu
Office hour: Wednesdays 11:00am-noon (Levine 512)

Prakashkumar Thiagarajan, tprak@seas.upenn.edu
Office hour: Mondays 4:00-5:00pm (Levine 612)

Jizhi Hu, hujizhi@seas.upenn.edu
Office hour: Tuesdays 3:00-4:00pm (Levine 612)

Siyin Gu, gusiyin@seas.upenn.edu
Office hour: Mondays 3:00-4:00pm (Moore 207)

Yue Ning, yning@seas.upenn.edu
Office hour: Thursdays 3:00-4:00pm (Levine 512)

Course description This course focuses on the issues encountered in building Internet and web systems: scalability, interoperability (of data and code), atomicity and consistency models, replication, and location of resources, services, and data. Note that it is not about building database-backed or PHP/JSP/Servlet-based web sites (for this, see CIS 330/550 or MKSE 212). Here, we will learn how a Servlet server itself is built!

We will examine how XML standards enable information exchange; how web services support cross-platform interoperability (and what their limitations are); how "cloud computing" services work; how to do replication and Akamai-like content distribution; and how application servers provide transaction support in distributed environments. We will study techniques for locating machines, resources, and data (including directory systems, information retrieval indexing and ranking, web search, and publish/subscribe systems); we will discuss collaborative filtering and mining the Web for patterns; we will investigate how different architectures support scalability (and the issues they face). We will also examine the ideas that have been proposed for tomorrow's Web, including the "Semantic Web", and see some of the challenges, research directions, and potential pitfalls.

An important goal of the course is not simply to discuss issues and solutions, but to provide hands-on experience with a substantial implementation project. This semester's project will be a peer-to-peer implementation of a Googe-style search engine, including distributed, scalable crawling; indexing with ranking; and even PageRank. We will also incorporate the use of topic-specific recognizers and mash-ups.

As a side effect of the material of this course, you will learn about some aspects of large-scale software development: assimilating large APIs, thinking about modularity, reading other people's code, managing versions, debugging, and so on.

Format The format will be two 1.5-hour lectures per week, plus assigned readings from handouts. There will be regular homework assignments and a substantial implementation project with experimental validation and a report. There will also be a midterm and a final exam.
Prerequisites This course expects familiarity with threads and concurrency, as well as strong Java programming skills. Those highly proficient in another programming language, such as C++ or C#, should be able to translate their skills easily. The course will require a considerable amount of programming, as well as the ability to work with your classmates in teams.
Texts and readings Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms, 2nd ed, by Tanenbaum and van Steen, Prentice Hall
Additional materials will be provided as handouts or in the form of light technical papers.
Grading Homework 25%, midterm 15%, final exam 15%, project 40%, participation 5%.
Other resources We will be using Piazza for course-related discussions; please sign up here. A reading list is also available.
Assignments are available here.
Schedule
Date Topic Details Reading Remarks
Jan 11 Introduction Principles of building systems
Project management & debugging tips
Lampson: Hints for Computer Systems Design  
Jan 16 MLK day -- no class
Jan 18 Server architectures Common server types: Web, application
Architectures: client/server, P2P, multi-tier
Threads, monitors, signals, producer-consumer
Thread pools, event-driven programming
Marshall: HTTP Made Really Easy
Krohn: OKWS paper
HW0
Jan 23 Krishnamurthy/Rexford Chapter 4
Tanenbaum 3.1
HW0 due;
HW1
Jan 25 Naming & locating resources Naming and directories; search strategies
LDAP; DNS; DNSSEC
Wikipedia: DNS
Marshall: LDAP intro
 
Jan 30 Indexing Document indexing
B+ tree
Comer: The Ubiquitous B-Tree  
Feb 1 Representing data Data representations, schemas
JPEG, MP3, and QT
XML
XPath and XSLT
Doan, Halevy, Ives: XML  
Feb 6 XSLT Tutorial HW1 MS1 due
Feb 8 Decentralized systems Partly and fully decentralized systems
Key-based routing
Partitioning and consistent hashing
BitTorrent, Chord, Pastry
Druschel and Rodrigues: Peer-to-peer systems  
Feb 13 Stoica et al.: Chord  
Feb 15 Retrieving data Crawling basics
Publish-subscribe; collaborative filtering
Mercator; XFilter
Altinel and Franklin: XFilter
Heydon and Najork: High-Performance Web Crawling
 
Feb 20 Storing, distributing, retrieving, and processing data Cloud file system
MapReduce programming model
Ghemawat et al.: The Google File System
Dean and Ghemawat: MapReduce
HW1 MS2 due
Feb 22  
Feb 27 Midterm
Feb 29 Storing, distributing, retrieving, and processing data Hadoop
HDFS
Shvachko: Apache Hadoop: The Scalability Update HW2 MS1 due (on Mar 7)
Mar 5 Spring break -- no class
Mar 7
Mar 12 Code interoperability Remote procedure calls
Web services
SOAP, WSDL, REST
Service composition
XQuery
Tanenbaum chapters 4.2 and 10.3
SOAP tutorial
WSDL tutorial
Form project groups
Mar 14  
Mar 19 XQuery tutorial  
Mar 21
No class (Andreas in New York for USENIX ATC PC meeting)
HW2 MS2 due
Mar 26 Documents and ranking Information retrieval models
Web connectivity
Ranking
Web crawlers
HITS and PageRank
Baeza-Yates Chapters 2 and 8
Kleinberg: HITS
Brin and Page: PageRank
Brin and Page: Google
Wired article on Google
HW3
Mar 28  
Apr 2 The Cloud Utility computing model
AWS basics; EC2+EBS
Armbrust: A view of Cloud Computing  
Apr 4 Transactions Application server and TP monitor architectures
ACID properties
Two-phase commit
Tanenbaum chapters 8.5-8.6 HW3 due
(on Apr 5)
Apr 9 Fault tolerance Replicated state machines
Consensus; Paxos algorithm
Rational behavior and Byzantine faults
Lamport: Paxos (Alternative version)
Schneider: State Machine Approach
 
Apr 11 Security Web security
Views, ACLs, capabilities; crypto basics
Kerberos; TLS
Tanenbaum chapter 9 Project proposal due
Apr 16 Incremental processing Bigtable
Percolator
Peng and Dabek: Percolator  
Apr 18 Special topics Accountability
Differential privacy
   
Apr 23 Second midterm
  Project demos and reports      
Previous versions Spring 2011 (taught by Zachary Ives until 2010)