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The field of wireless sensor networks offers
many interesting applications involving autonomous use of compute,
sensing, and wireless communication. In this talk, I discuss
the design tradeoffs in the hardware and software systems we
have developed as part of applying wireless peer-to-peer networking
techniques in a mobile sensor network designed for wildlife
tracking.
The ZebraNet system includes custom tracking
collars (nodes) carried by animals under study across a large,
wild area; the collars operate as a peer-to-peer network to deliver
logged data back to researchers. The collars include global positioning
system (GPS), Flash memory, wireless transceivers, and a small
CPU; essentially each node is a small, wireless, computing device.
Since there is no cellular service or broadcast communication
covering the region where animals are studied, ad hoc, peer-to-peer
routing is needed. Overall, our goal is to use the least
energy, storage, and other resources necessary to maintain a reliable
system with a very high 'data homing' success rate. We have
built custom hardware platforms and modular software platforms
to support these goals. In January 2004, we deployed an 8-node
ZebraNet system at the Sweetwaters Game Reserve in central Kenya,
and we plan to return in 2005 with a larger system. More
broadly, we believe that the domain-centric protocols and energy
tradeoffs studied for ZebraNet will have general applicability
in other wireless and sensor applications.
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